一、 问题描述
现象：硬件掉电后，oracle集群无法启动。
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stat res -t
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4000: Command Status failed, or completed with errors.
[root@rac2 ~]# crsctl start crs
CRS-4640: Oracle High Availability Services is already active
CRS-4000: Command Start failed, or completed with errors.
二、 故障处理
查看集群组件发现ora.asm状态为offline
root@rac2 ~]# crsctl stat res -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.asm
1 ONLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
ora.cluster_interconnect.haip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.crf
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.crsd
1 ONLINE OFFLINE
ora.cssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.cssdmonitor
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.ctssd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 OBSERVER
ora.diskmon
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.drivers.acfs
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.evmd
1 ONLINE INTERMEDIATE rac2
ora.gipcd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.gpnpd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.mdnsd
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
查看grid alert日志发现磁盘组没有mount
[ohasd(4329)]CRS-2769:Unable to failover resource 'ora.diskmon'.
2018-05-08 04:12:24.940:
[cssd(4576)]CRS-1707:Lease acquisition for node rac2 number 2 completed
2018-05-08 04:12:26.188:
[cssd(4576)]CRS-1605:CSSD voting file is online: /dev/asmdisk/oraasm-OCR_0000; details in /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/log/rac2/cssd/ocssd.log.
2018-05-08 04:12:28.723:
[cssd(4576)]CRS-1601:CSSD Reconfiguration complete. Active nodes are rac1 rac2 .
2018-05-08 04:12:30.617:
[ctssd(4660)]CRS-2401:The Cluster Time Synchronization Service started on host rac2.
2018-05-08 04:12:30.617:
[ctssd(4660)]CRS-2407:The new Cluster Time Synchronization Service reference node is host rac1.
2018-05-08 04:12:32.348:
[ohasd(4329)]CRS-2767:Resource state recovery not attempted for 'ora.diskmon' as its target state is OFFLINE
2018-05-08 04:12:32.348:
[ohasd(4329)]CRS-2769:Unable to failover resource 'ora.diskmon'.
查看asm_alert，出现ORA-00600 [kfrValAcd30]的报错
NOTE: GMON heartbeating for grp 2
GMON querying group 2 at 6 for pid 23, osid 5727
NOTE: cache opening disk 0 of grp 2: DATA_0000 path:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0000
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 0 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache opening disk 1 of grp 2: DATA_0001 path:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0001
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 1 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache opening disk 2 of grp 2: DATA_0002 path:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0002
NOTE: F1X0 found on disk 2 au 2 fcn 0.0
NOTE: cache opening disk 3 of grp 2: DATA_0003 path:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0003
NOTE: cache mounting (first) normal redundancy group 2/0x877A96CD (DATA)
* allocate domain 2, invalid = TRUE
NOTE: attached to recovery domain 2
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=8.390 group=2 (DATA)
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_5727.trc (incident=50111):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kfrValAcd30], [DATA], [1], [8], [390], [9], [390], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-15017: diskgroup "ASM" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup "ASM"
Incident details in: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/incident/incdir_50111/+ASM2_ora_5727_i50111.trc
Use ADRCI or Support Workbench to package the incident.
See Note 411.1 at My Oracle Support for error and packaging details.
Errors in file /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/trace/+ASM2_ora_5727.trc:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kfrValAcd30], [DATA], [1], [8], [390], [9], [390], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-15017: diskgroup "ASM" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup "ASM"
Abort recovery for domain 2
NOTE: crash recovery signalled OER-600
ERROR: ORA-600 signalled during mount of diskgroup DATA
NOTE: cache dismounting (clean) group 2/0x877A96CD (DATA)
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 5727, image: oracle@rac2 (TNS V1-V3)
查看ASM2_ora_5727_i50111.trc
kfdp_query(DATA): 6
----- Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ksedsts()+465<-kfdp_query()+530<-kfdPstSyncPriv()+585<-kfgFinalizeMount()+1630<-kfgscFinalize()+1433<-kfgForEachKfgsc()+285<-kfgsoFinalize()+135<-kfgFinalize()+398<-kfxdrvMount()+5558<-kfxdrvEntry()+2207<-opiexe()+20624<-opiosq0()+3932<-kpooprx()+274<-kpoal8()+842
<-opiodr()+917<-ttcpip()+2183<-opitsk()+1710<-opiino()+969<-opiodr()+917<-opidrv()+570<-sou2o()+103<-opimai_real()+133<-ssthrdmain()+265<-main()+201<-__libc_start_main()+253
----- End of Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
2018-05-17 21:54:44.321623 : Start recovery for domain=2, valid=0, flags=0x4
NOTE: starting recovery of thread=1 ckpt=8.390 group=2 (DATA)
Incident 50111 created, dump file: /u01/app/grid/diag/asm/+asm/+ASM2/incident/incdir_50111/+ASM2_ora_5727_i50111.trc
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kfrValAcd30], [DATA], [1], [8], [390], [9], [390], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-15017: diskgroup "ASM" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup "ASM"
recovery of group DATA failed due to the following error(s):
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kfrValAcd30], [DATA], [1], [8], [390], [9], [390], [], [], [], [], []
ORA-15017: diskgroup "ASM" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup "ASM"
2018-05-17 21:54:45.016907 : Abort recovery for domain 2, flags = 0x4
2018-05-17 21:54:45.017799 : kjb_abort_recovery: domain flags=0x0, valid=0
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 5727, image: oracle@rac2 (TNS V1-V3)
kfdp_dismount(): 7
----- Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ksedsts()+465<-kfdp_dismountInt()+389<-kfdp_dismount()+11<-kfgTermCache()+347<-kfgRecoverDismount()+373<-kfgRecoverMount()+277<-kfgscDelete()+2742<-kssdel()+155<-kfgscFinalize()+1211<-kfgForEachKfgsc()+285<-kfgsoFinalize()+135<-kfgFinalize()+398<-kfxdrvMount()+5558
<-kfxdrvEntry()+2207<-opiexe()+20624<-opiosq0()+3932<-kpooprx()+274<-kpoal8()+842<-opiodr()+917<-ttcpip()+2183<-opitsk()+1710<-opiino()+969<-opiodr()+917<-opidrv()+570<-sou2o()+103<-opimai_real()+133<-ssthrdmain()+265<-main()+201<-__libc_start_main()+253
----- End of Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ASM name of disk 0x9f1d9488 (2:0:DATA_0000:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0000) is being cleared
ASM name of disk 0x9f1d9808 (2:1:DATA_0001:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0001) is being cleared
ASM name of disk 0x9f1d9108 (2:2:DATA_0002:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0002) is being cleared
ASM name of disk 0x9f1d8d88 (2:3:DATA_0003:/dev/asmdisk/oraasm-ASM_0003) is being cleared
NOTE: messaging CKPT to quiesce pins Unix process pid: 5727, image: oracle@rac2 (TNS V1-V3)
kfdp_dismount(): 8
----- Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
ksedsts()+465<-kfdp_dismountInt()+389<-kfdp_dismount()+11<-kfgTermCache()+347<-kfgRecoverDismount()+373<-kfgRecoverMount()+277<-kfgscDelete()+2742<-kssdct()+258<-kfgsoDelete()+721<-kssdel()+155<-kssdch()+6849<-ksures()+52<-opiosq0()+4721<-kpooprx()+274<-kpoal8()+842
<-opiodr()+917<-ttcpip()+2183<-opitsk()+1710<-opiino()+969<-opiodr()+917<-opidrv()+570<-sou2o()+103<-opimai_real()+133<-ssthrdmain()+265<-main()+201<-__libc_start_main()+253
----- End of Abridged Call Stack Trace -----
搜索mos也发现了几个Bug：
Bug 27288230 - ORA-600: [kfrvalacd30] in ASM SMON (Doc ID 27288230.8)
Bug 19064132 : ORA-600 [KFRVALACD30] MOUNTING DISKGROUP AFTER RESTARTING SERVERS
ORA-600 [KFRVALACD30] in ASM (Doc ID 2123013.1)
bug在11.2.0.1/11.2.0.3/112.0.4/12.1/18.1 都存在。
Oracle认为这是存储或者OS问题导致asm acd block的元数据不一致了
可能导致ASM元数据的主辅扩展区都发生损坏。这个损坏会导致rebalance挂起或不断尝试失败，或者阻止磁盘组被挂载。
strace出现ORA 600 [kfrValAcd30]报错，但没发现其他可用的信息
write(25, "string_value", 12) = 12
write(25, ">", 1) = 1
write(25, "ORA 600 [kfrValAcd30]", 21) = 21
write(25, "</", 2) = 2
write(25, "string_value", 12) = 12
write(25, ">", 1) = 1
write(25, "</", 2) = 2
write(25, "pkey_dbgristih", 14) = 14
write(25, ">", 1) = 1
write(25, "\n", 1) = 1
write(25, "<", 1) = 1
write(25, "creatm_dbgristih", 16) = 16
write(25, ">", 1) = 1
write(25, "<", 1) = 1
write(25, "time", 4) = 4
write(25, ">", 1) = 1
ASM的Active Change Directory(ACD)简单来说就相当于asm元数据重做记录，需要说明的是，每一个asm实例，都用有其自己的ACD目录，也就说，如果你是双节点的rac，那么就有84m的ACD 目录信息。
ACD主要是记录了这样一些数据：线程号，block号，opcode，sequences，记录长度等信息。
当处于运行的asm实例，突然crash后，那么重启asm实例以后，asm可以根据ACD信息去进行”instance recover”，从而保证能够正常启动asm实例。
如果acd的信息出现损坏，磁盘组将不能够被mount。
使用kfed来读取元数据，首先定位到active change directory 所在AU
[grid@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/dm-0 aun=2 blkn=3|grep .xptr.au |head -1
kfffde[0].xptr.au: 4 ; 0x4a0: 0x00000004
从上面信息可以看出，ACD元数据和数据应该包含在其中一个AU 4
查看au 4的信息
grid@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/dm-0 aun=4 blkn=1|more
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 8 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_CHNGDIR
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 1 ; 0x004: blk=1
kfbh.block.obj: 3 ; 0x008: file=3
kfbh.check: 17400326 ; 0x00c: 0x01098206
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfracdb.aba.seq: 2 ; 0x000: 0x00000002
kfracdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x004: 0x00000000
kfracdb.ents: 2 ; 0x008: 0x0002
kfracdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x00a: 0x0000
kfracdb.lge[0].valid: 1 ; 0x00c: V=1 B=0 M=0
kfracdb.lge[0].chgCount: 1 ; 0x00d: 0x01
kfracdb.lge[0].len: 52 ; 0x00e: 0x0034
kfracdb.lge[0].kfcn.base: 1 ; 0x010: 0x00000001
kfracdb.lge[0].kfcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].kfbl.blk: 0 ; 0x018: blk=0
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].kfbl.obj: 4 ; 0x01c: file=4
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].kfcn.base: 0 ; 0x020: 0x00000000
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].kfcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x024: 0x00000000
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].oplen: 4 ; 0x028: 0x0004 ---表示长度，类似logfile dump的LEN
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].blkIndex: 0 ; 0x02a: 0x0000
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].flags: 28 ; 0x02c: F=0 N=0 F=1 L=1 V=1 A=0 C=0
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].opcode: 212 ; 0x02e: 0x00d4 --opcode，类似数据库实例中的update/delete/insert操作的opcode编号
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].kfbtyp: 9 ; 0x030: KFBTYP_COD_BGO --操作类型，类似数据库实例中的update/delete/insert等类型
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].redund: 17 ; 0x031: SCHE=0x1 NUMB=0x1 --这里表示冗余级别,17是unport,18是mirror,19表示high
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].pad: 63903 ; 0x032: 0xf99f
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].KFRCOD_CRASH: 1 ; 0x034: 0x00000001
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].au[0]: 46 ; 0x038: 0x0000002e
kfracdb.lge[0].bcd[0].disks[0]: 0 ; 0x03c: 0x0000
kfracdb.lge[1].valid: 1 ; 0x040: V=1 B=0 M=0
kfracdb.lge[1].chgCount: 1 ; 0x041: 0x01
check等信息属于hash值，每隔3s都会更新一次，可能是由于突然掉电，cache里的信息没有更新到磁盘中导致。
[grid@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/dm-2 aun=4 blkn=0|grep ckpt
kfracdc.ckpt.seq: 8 ; 0x018: 0x00000008
kfracdc.ckpt.blk: 390 ; 0x01c: 0x00000186
[grid@rac2 ~]$ kfed read /dev/dm-0 aun=4 blkn=0|grep ckpt
kfracdc.ckpt.seq: 70 ; 0x018: 0x00000046
kfracdc.ckpt.blk: 255 ; 0x01c: 0x000000f
三、 问题解决
通过kfed merge手工修改的方法恢复
kfed read /dev/dm-2 aun=4 blkn=0 >acd.txt
kfed merge /dev/dm-2 aun=4 blkn=0 text=acd.txt
手工mount磁盘组
SQL> alter diskgroup data mount;
alter diskgroup data mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [kfrValAcd30], [DATA], [1], [8],
[390], [9], [390], [], [], [], [], []
SQL> alter diskgroup data mount;
Diskgroup altered.
如果kfed merge无法修复，请及时联系，以通过odu对asm底层进行恢复数据文件,从而最大限度恢复数据.
作者介绍：云和恩墨资深Oracle dba，专注于数据库运维、架构和行业发展，有12年左右的金融、保险、政府、地税、运营商等业务关键型系统的运维经验，曾担任公司异常恢复东区接口人，负责紧急异常恢复工作，技术二线专家。目前负责PG、openGauss/MogDB运维、国产化MogDB数据库的推广工作。
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